Ground Floor Models   CLG Engineering offers models from 50 to 300m2   We have different interior distributions   Different kind of roofs        Ground floor + Under Roofs Models   CLG Engineering offers models from 80 to 300m2   We have different interior distributions   Different kind of roofs        Ground Floor + First Floor Models   CLG Engineering offers models from 100 to 300m2   We have different interior distributions   Different kind of roofs        Ground Floor + First Floor + Under Roof Models   CLG Engineering offers models from 120 to 300m2   We have different interior distributions   Different kind of roofs

Architecture project   Reception of the architecture drawings Our technical equipment contacts the manager-architect to develop the structure according to the project. Thanks to the development of new technologies these tasks can be done via internet, e-mail or fax. Also... The inverse operation will be lately developed... the manager-architect will receive all the structural drawings, floors, sections and elevations in hard copy, floppy disk, CD or as an attachment via e-mail to make easier its implementation.     Structural analysis We have the most advanced computer systems for these kind of structures. The calculation system is not the same as the usual one because we work with panels like rigid elements and galvanised steel open profiles. On the whole, we are trying to find the best solution for each project.

Engineering project (assembly drawings and calculation)   Design of the structure   We use CAD and calculation programs particularly created to design 3D cold-formed steel structures with automated generation of cutting lists and drawing erections. Our structures fulfil the Eurocodes and also the American AISI. The engineering project for cold-formed steel structures is delivered to the client in hard copy while the architect receives the project into DWG format to make easier the posterior implementation into the architecture manager project. 332m2 house in Tires (Portugal), February 2001.

Structural calculation   Principles The calculation principles for this kind of structures are based on the general theory of structures for discretization and other numeral methods used, for instance, by USA Air Force (AFM 88-3) and US Navy (NAVFA CP-355) for calculating sheets. Regulations All calculation methods fulfil the eurocode rules applied in the European countries (Spain, France, Portugal, Switzerland...) and the American rules laid down by the AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute).   Calculation method Since 1992 the experience obtained by our team has played the main role in this field. We have made hundreds of projects in many European countries and South America as well. Due to the exclusivity of these structures the use of specialised programs is crucial. In CLG Engineering we particularly realize the calculations by the most advanced American programs regularly updated according the AISI. We are also provided with classic calculation programs of European steel structures for punctual cases. Attic truss example Typical example of truss of simple roof Example of special truss with diferent slopes and interior heights

Material supply   Pieces fabrication We produce the parts needed to make easier the adequate assembly of the structure being constructed once obtained the results from the calculation and design centre. We have our own plant (Macanet de la Selva, Spain) with machinery imported from USA dedicated to cold-formed steel constructions. Structure assembly Our team can send cut-to-length parts as classified parts (kit) or as panels (precoupling).   We use 'C', 'Z', 'U', angles and other special pieces which are used as finishing and joints. KIT SUPPLIES   Posting and assembly Once the parts production is finished, the parts are sent to the assembly team where the assembly activity is carried out. All parts are delivered cut and in packages with a reference. We deliver the listings of the parts with their own references in order to know easily in which package is each part.   PRECOUPLING   Trusses used in a house in Lloret de Mar (Girona, Spain), April 2001.

Delivery period   Budget: from 48 to 72 hours. Fulfilment of the engineering project: structural calculation and design, implementation of the assembly drawings and material listings. from 2 to 4 weeks depending on the difficulty and size of the project. Parts production: Material order and modelling of the cold-formed steel structural elements and kit supply. from 2 to 4 weeks depending on the size of the structure. Posting to the area to be built: we use the fastest ways of transport.       Structure assembly + Installations and finishings assembly from 4 to 8 weeks depending on the building difficulty. 80 m2 house in Girona (Spain), April 2000. The house is ready three months after having ordered it.

Foundation   Maximum use of concrete slab   The CLG Engineering structures are assembled on concrete slabs made following the traditional system. The main difference is the amount of concrete to be used... Our Cold-Formed steel structures are resistant but at the same time light weight. Our houses weight four times less than traditional buildings and due to this fact, the cost and size of the concrete slab is reduced. The house can be also assembled on a sanitary forging, on a basement... 80 m2 house in Lloret de Mar (Girona, Spain), April 2001.     100 m2 house in León (Spain), February 1998.     Maximum use of the slab The lightness of our constructions makes possible the adaptation in the most abrupt lands. Another important characteristic is the area occupied by the structure on the slab by the concrete. Due to the fact that the total thickness of the CLG walls is lower than the traditional one, a best use of the inner space can be obtained by increasing the thermal and acoustic isolation properties and fulfilling the current regulation.

Steel structure components   Galvanised Cold-Formed steel characteristics The galvanised cold-formed steel is light weight, easy to use and economical. It does not rust, crack, become deformed or catch fire. The galvanised steel elements weigh much less than the brick and concrete components, and thus we can reduce the foundations and increase the freedom to design the structures. The inherent strength of the steel and the non-inflammable quality makes possible that houses built with this structure face any fire, earthquake or hurricane. The durability of this material is unlimited. The Bank of New York, a three floor building, was built in 1899 with galvanised cold-formed steel structure and still today is in good conditions. The steel used in the structure is protected by a non-stop galvanisation treatment that gives protection against corrosion and durability. Steel is a very resistant, homogeneous and isotropic material with a high modulus of elasticity and an important plastic reserve. In the table below we compare the characteristics of this material to other material used in house building:    Material   shear (N/mm²)   compression (N/mm²)   E (N/mm²)  Steel   280   280   210.000  Concrete   0   20   70.000  Wood   0 a 30    4 a 23   400 a 1.200 Basic elements of the structure The 'C' and 'Z' profiles are the members that define the final structure. They are placed every 60, 61 or 62,5 cm.  The 'U' profiles are used to make rigid joints and help to enclose the structure and even to reinforce it. For joints of beams, trusses and other building elements we use cut-to-length angles and parts that we link to the structure through self-drilling screws and other steel fasteners. PROFILES USED A- C sizes of 90, 140,150, 175, 200, 250, 300 B- U sizes of 93, 143, 153, 178, 203, 253, 303 C- Z sizes of 150, 175, 200, 250, 300 Components The original idea of this kind of structure is based on the American wood houses but instead of being the main structure of wood it is replaced by galvanised cold-formed steel members with 60, 61 or 62,5 cm modulation. When big spans are required in roofing ,  trusses are the best option. Thanks to the characteristics mentioned before, the system makes possible the construction of buildings, houses, apartments, hotels as well as floor and roof rehabilitation. There are elements of light-weight galvanised cold formed steel for any position. The steel component as well known as 'C' is the most used shape. The huge fastness of steel offers wide spaces among its elements. This feature increases the freedom to design and reduces the material cost and working time and also makes easier its installation. The construction elements of a house are divided into three main groups: floors, walls and roofs. Although sometimes these groups are compatible with constructions of traditional structures, some of these steel groups can also include systems for innovative new structures. All the elements are strongly joint with self-drilling screws and are placed following a specified modulation for the good sharing of the loads and also to make easy the direct lining with various panels. Click on the image to see the detailed elements of the structure Walls There are two kinds of steel wall studs: A- Structurals, 'C'-shaped for main wall (interior or exterior). B- Boundaries for interior partitioning in a non-bearing wall. The wall stud sizes depends on the needs of the insulating material and loadings. Normally we use C-90 and C-140. The exterior insulating panels can be also applicated to walls increasing its heat effectiveness or as an alternative to increase the space. You obtain freedom to design door and windows, security, an easier assembly and a higher fire resistance than what the regulation requires.   Floor system They are commonly built with a thickness oscillation of 15 and 30 cm, in beams, and of 1,5 and 4 mm in steel thickness. These beams may have opened spaces to allow the installation of stairs and other openings. It is usually used one 'C' beam every 60 cm. Roofs The thickness and size wide range of the available profiles allows the use of galvanised cold-formed steel structures for any kind of roof, from the most simple truss to the most complex roofing system of lima-tesa and lima-hoya. The frame can be assembled both in work and in factory.   Other implementations With the CLG Engineering galvanised cold-formed steel structures can also be made the structures for other kind of structural elements of the building.                                                                STAIRS CHIMNEY BOW WINDOWS MANSARD WINDOWS Production and design The galvanised steel structures are produced in a cold formed process in which the galvanised steel sheets pass through a sequence of moulder rollers shaping the steel profiles as it is prestablished. The basic features to design the cold formed steel beams are the fastness and shape of the material When a sheet is 'C'-shaped, the angles act as boosters and increase their fastness. Considering that fastness and stiffness of a part depends on its shape, the proportion fastness-weight is highly favourable. CLG Engineering has realized projects in South America, Mediterranean and Atlantic islands, Switzerland, France, Portugal and Spain. For this reason and also for the experience acquired, since 1992 we are able to distribute our structures all around the world.

Vertical Panels   Exterior bearing walls The galvanised cold-formed steel structures need a base as it also happens in the traditional building with thick bearing walls. The 'C' wall stud and the panel works as the load carrying element in bearing walls. These walls can be, depending on the case, exterior or interior walls. The wall studs can be punched to allow any installation like cables, pipes or future reparations. Interior walls There are tho different types of interior walls 1- Bearing walls with C-90 y C-140. 2- Non bearing walls with C-70 (15/70/15)      C-90 (15/90/15) Characteristics FIRE RESISTANCE AND STABILITY Spanish Building Basic Standard Regulations, NBE CPI-96, defines, according to the table 1, the fire stability subjected to the structural elements: As the subjected conditions for houses state, the level of fire resistance is between RF-30 and RF-90, in the most adverse case. We fulfil all conditions established by the European regulation since steel does not catch fire and we use plaster sheets in all CLG Engineering structures inside the house. The applied insulating materials are M0 and M1 types that is why they can be used without restrictions. THERMAL ISOLATION The space remaining between profiles is filled with insulating material which enables to save useful volume inside. We have to pay attention to the thermal bridges since they can cause problems to any type of construction. The most efficient method for steel structures is the implementation of thermal cuttings. In our structures, the application of these cuttings is made by plaster sheets inside as well as outside, thus improve in a spectacular way the value of Kg until 0.73 W/m2K. According to the NBE-CT-79, the maximum limit value of Kg variates depending on the climatic area. Our insulating system fulfil, in all cases, these limitations. Moreover, the air tightness is assured and the inner condensation is limited thanks to the tape and dough that covers plaster sheets joints. SOUND ABSORPTION The highest value of minimum absorption of 'R' aerial pollution, subjected to these constructive elements, is fixed in 45 DBA as the NBE-CPI-96 defines. The roofings manufactured with the CLG Engineering system offer values of 72 DBA and the fronts made with water repellent board, expanded polystyrene and one layer rendering offer values of 88 DBA. For exterior walls and floors, the mass of the composing elements and the insulating layer which can be placed in the space where the structure was before increases even more this value. CORROSSION RESISTANCE Corrosion is one of the aspects that damages steel structures. For this reason CLG Engineering systematically uses galvanised profiles and takes the following precautionary measures: avoiding the direct contact with moisture, screwing instead of welding, cutting the profiles in factory with shear and thoroughly studying the constructive details.

Floors   Great resistance Floors supporting structure is made of main beams 'C'-shaped separated every 60, 61 or 62.5 cm. Depending on the structural calculation we chose the most adequate profile and layout. The layout of floor beams is in keeping with the rest of the structural elements of roofs and walls. Beams are also linked to steal corrugated sheets or to a water-repellent board which can act as a collaborating floor distributing the loads on the main beams. In the floor inferior side there is a plaster suspended ceiling. Another advantage of this kind of structure is the remaining spare space between the beams suitable for installations or insulating material. Final result Like in the rest of our structures, floor forgings can be recovered with any type of material that one wishes. 353 m2 house in Santarem (Portugal), April 2000.

Roofs     Perfect to take advantage of space One of the best ways of construction with CLG Engineering is using trusses. The reason is quite simple: our way of constructing is suitable for these kind of roofs as it means a better use of the space and its cost is minimum. Although the house only has a floor, one can obtain a larger complementary space with these roofs. In spite of this, it is possible to build any kind of roof using trusses or floors made of 'C' or 'Z' beams.     A large number of shapes and materials The galvanised cold-formed steel structures can be complemented with finishings of any type, from the traditional baked clay tile, concrete tiles, slate, copper... to the most sophisticated system of practicable roofs with dormer windows, skylights or mansard-roofs, topfloors... Available trusses   BELGIAN     PRATT   WARREN BRIDGE     SCISORS   SEMIHOWE GAMBRELL   BOWSTRING   HOWE ATTIC   GATEWAY   SPECIAL

Finishing   Materials The materials used to build houses with CLG Engineering system save natural resources. The steel is 100% recyclable. Quality, utility and accuracy of the assembly are guaranteed by the use of industrial materials. These materials have been thoroughly studied and conceived with the most advanced designed techniques which give the material an unsurpassable quality. In the finishings of our buildings one can see the perfect compactness and lineality of the elements. Looking towards the future Thanks to the use of industrial materials our quality is guaranteed.   Plaster sheets consume less material than the in situ finishings that need the use of other materials. The dry buildings avoid the removal of the remaining materials in the environment. The galvanised cold-formed steel structure does not need any chemical treatment. The diversity of the materials used as facings of walls and ceilings makes easier the adaptation of the construction in a more natural embrittlement following the aesthetic of the area. Materials The galvanised cold-formed steel structure can be used in any situation. Because of this, it is possible to adapt it in other steel structures with industrial profiles or in the structures and finishings with materials of a more classic architecture like stone or brick.   The revolution of new materials The truth is that nowadays, architects and engineers have a reason to be satisfied and that is that they have never had before such a wide range of construction materials.   PREFABRICATED BOARDS 1 .- Cold-formed steel structure 2 .- Thermal and acoustic isolation 3 .- Foundation slab 4 .- Sealant 5 .- Outer edge 6 .- Interior plaster panel 7 .- OSB exterior panel        Water-repellent panel  8 .- Joints treatment 9 .- Exterior prefabricated board EXTERIOR FINISHING WITH AN ACRYLIC BASE ON INSULATING PANEL 1 .- Inteior plaster panel 2 .- Cold-formed steel structure 3 .- Thermal and acoustic isolation 4 .- Foundation slab 5 .- Protection material 6 .- OSB exterior panel        Water-repellent panel 7 .- Insulating rigid panel        Extruded polystyrene sheet 8 .- Fibre mesh 9 .- Base facing 10.-Final finishing 11.-Outer edge 12.-Sealant BREAK LINING 1 .- Thermal and acoustic isolation 2 .- Cold-formed steel structure 3 .- Foundation slab 4 .- Sealant 5 .- Interior plaster panel 6 .- OSB exterior panel        Water-repellent panel 7 .- Break lining 8 .- Metalic tie 9 .- Drainages 10.- Joints treatment 11.- Outer edge FACING WITH FOUNDATION BASE 1 .- Interior plaster panel 2 .- Cold-formed steel structure 3 .- Thermal and accoustic isolation 4 .- Foundation slab 5 .- Sealant 6 .- OSB exterior panel        Water-repellent panel 7 .- Facing 8 .- Mesh 9 .- Protection material 10.- Outer edge EXTERIOR FINISHING WITH ACRYLIC BASE FOR DIRECT APPLICATION ON A PLASTER PANEL 1 .- Interior plaster panel 2 .- Thermal and accoustic isolation 3 .- Cold-formed steel structure 4 .- Foundation slab 5 .- Sealant 6 .- Protection materail 7 .- OSB exterior panel        Water-repellent panel 8 .- Fibre mesh 9 .- Base facing 10.- Final finishing 11.- Outer edge PETROUS LINING SHEETS (FLAG, MARBLE, STONE...) 1 .- Interior plaster panel 2 .- Thermal and accoustic panel 3 .- Cold-formed steel structure 4 .- Foundation slab 5 .- Sealant 6 .- Outer edge 7 .- OSB exterior panel        Water-repellent panel 8 .- Protection material 9 .- Mesh 10.- Facing 11.- Final finishing   Interior Finishings 1 .- Inferior belt, 'U' profile 2 .- Screw for subjecting the inferior belt to the foundating 3 .- Superior belt, 'U' profile 4 .- Anchoring screw of the superior belt 5 .- Cold-formed steel stud, 'C' profile 6 .- Screw for fixing the wall stud to superior belt 7 .- Hydraulic and electric installation 8 .- Plaster panel 9 .- Screw for fixing the plaster panel to the metallic structure 10.- Screw for fixing the plaster panel to the metallic structure 11.- Outer lining (fisrt layer) 12.- Outer lining (second layer)     Installation of the OSB exterior panel. Water-repellent panel House in Girona (Spain) March 2000 Technical block with sanitary support and crossbeams. Final finishing of a bathroom.

Frequently asked questions   What is the meaning of the CLG Engineering system and what is the difference between it and building following the conventional structure? The CLG Engineering system is based in the use of light-weight galvanised steel for the construction of the structure using the most advanced methods of calculation, design and production. The CLG Engineering system uses „C“-shaped metallic profiles and other profiles instead of using concrete, bricks and cement. This consists on a dry construction system with several advantages. The lightness of the structure enables reducing the foundations. The quality of the structure gives the building unsurpassable qualities to face nature adverse situations. The wall thickness increases the use of the space. The structure features finishings of walls, floors and roofings makes possible that a CLG Engineering building has more qualities of heat and sound absorption and water proofing. The delivery date is more or less eight weeks depending on the size of the building. Can we extend our house in the future? Obviously you can add additional spaces or modify those elements not essential for the structure stability. Can we combine this type of construction with the traditional one? Surely. This type of construction can be assembled on columns, can have an additional basement floor, cover the outer walls with () or whatever you wish. Are the galvanised steel buildings financed by financial institutions? Banks, savings banks and other financial institutions have agreed to finance galvanised steel buildings. Banks and savings banks are the main financial services for these kind of buildings and they are approved following the mortgage regulation. Can we buy only the structure and finish it later? Once the structure is finished, in about one week, you can decorate the inside of the building as you wish. Can the book of specifications variate and modify the initial budget? The budget is made through an agreement of firm price. It can only be modified if the client wants to change anything of the project. Are the galvanised steel buildings cold in winter and too hot in summer? Are the galvanised steel buildings cold in winter and too hot in summer? How long do these buildings last and what happens with the decennial liability insurance? The insurance companies state a 10-year period in all kind of structures. The durability is similar to other kind of buildings because is more than a hundred years that they are being built and kept in good condition. The inner lining is made of plaster sheets, then how much weight can be hung on the walls? The plaster sheets are not too thick but have a high resistance. Particularly one can fix screws with a 300kg resistance. We save working force in comparison with the traditional building. This saving turns into an engineering work. What about the cost? It does not increase, on the contrary. The experience and professionality of our technical team decreases the general cost of the project. Moreover, the project is implemented following a thoroughly system without any possible mistake. This fact lows the cost of the project. Another point that we place great importance on is that all components arrive premanufactured in packages which saves time of preparation of the work and at the same time enables that we need less working force. What type of doors and windows can be installed? All kind of types. It can be included that the door or window structure can be chosen by the client the way he likes most. This openings are constructed according the standard measures for the installation afterwards. When the inclement weather is adverse, could be possible that roofings fly away and walls collapse? Actually the wood houses have had problems of stability and positioning. The galvanised steel structures are perfectly fixed to a fast foundating and all the structural elements, roofings included, are rigidly linked through high resistance screws. In Bretogne (France), our buildings have faced hurricanes of 248km/h. Does it sound hollow when we walk on the floor or knock on the walls? Both walls and floors are filled with an insulating kaolin wool blanket which avoids the pass of noise from a room into an other. 311 m² House in Portimâo (Portugal) January 2001

In 1992 CLG Engineering started to build with dry construction systems of galvanised steel structures. Since then, we have been improving our services day by day to offer a product that adapts better to the needs of our society.

The base of this kind of construction lays in the American houses built with wood structure. Since wood construction causes so many problems, the system has developed into the dry construction with galvanised steel structure. The aim of our constructive system consists on using the technic of the traditional building introducing the best techniques of new technologies and enlarging the range of possibilities of constructive shapes without increasing the building cost giving a huge freedom and new shapes. Thanks to computers, industrialised construction and flexibility that offers a previous technical study, our constructive system is more precise, ecological, economical and lets us enjoy the high level of comfort.

For more than 150 years, steel has predominated in construction. Nowadays it is still one of the most resistant, lasting and economical industrialised material. Although it was firstly associated with skylights and bridges, steel seems to be today the favourite material for structures in the building construction.

The American and European builders and owners have been adapted to the different kind of benefits that galvanised steel offers in the building construction.

The cold hammered steel is light, manageable, economical and option of high quality compared with other traditional materials used for building structures. Many components of the galvanised steel structures have been designed firstly as substitutes of elements for traditional structures. Nevertheless, they are manufactured now to reflect the fastness and the higher heavy ness of steel. The variety of shapes and designs available has expanded beyond the standards of the conventional structures. This variety lets the builder save time and money in the construction with a high quality product.

Steel does not rust, crack, become deformed, catch fire and is 100% recyclable. Galvanised steel is a logical and efficient solution for the increasing needs of today’s market of building construction. It offers several benefits because of its stable and competitive prices and its quick installation which results in a reduce construction financiation and cost.

The dry construction has many advantages such as quickness and efficiency of assembly without moisture problems. The structure is completely detachable and bears lower transportation cost and produces less residues. The elements of the structure are manufactured with holes that allow space for installation and this represents an important time safe for other professionals. Moreover, these galvanised steel elements weight much less than the brick and concrete elements, thus foundations and barquettes can be reduced.

The galvanised steel structures are compatibles with any other kind of conventional finishings in addition to the various options of finishings with new high quality materials. The inherent fastness of steel and non-inflammable quality makes possible that houses built with this structure resist adverse situations such as fires, earthquakes and hurricanes.

Between 1979 and 1996 the number of houses built with the galvanised steel structure increased in USA more than 300%. Having a look at the experience in the most developed countries, we realise that the demand of these structures in Europe is increasing very quickly. The growing number of builders and owners in USA, Canada and today also in Spain, Portugal, France and Switzerland have recognised the last advantages of steel during the construction and also in the final product.

Nowadays, because of the decrease of the row materials, the instability of prices of the traditional construction materials and the concern for the environment, a necessary changed is being developed in the elements of traditional construction to benefit the galvanised steel and the new period of industrial materials that takes part together in the modern architecture.

„The use of iron and steel to fill human needs is one of the most important history achievements. We owe steel the majority of possibilities that determines nowadays the contemporenean architecture...“
Charles Merrick & Harry Parke

CLG Engineering www.clgeng.com CLG Chalets  www.clgchalets.com Casas Confortables www.casasconfortables.net  

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